Imicungire y'ubwenge y'ububiko bw'imyenda n'ikwirakwizwa ryayo hashingiwe kuri RFID

Inganda z'imyenda, nk'inganda zisanzwe zikoresha abakozi benshi, umusaruro wazo, ububiko, ikwirakwizwa ryazo n'ibindi bintu bireba imikorere n'ubunyangamugayo by'ingaruka ku mikorere rusange y'ikigo. Mu buryo busanzwe, kuva ku gasanduku k'imashini zitunganya imyenda kugera ku isanduku, ububiko, kuva mu bubiko n'izindi sano, gukusanya amakuru y'ibicuruzwa bishingiye ahanini ku mikorere myinshi y'intoki. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ntibutwara igihe kinini gusa kandi bugorana, ahubwo bunatera imibare itinda yo gukwirakwiza, imibare idahwitse y'amakuru y'ububiko n'ibindi bibazo, ibyo bigatuma ikigo kirushaho gukora neza no kunyurwa n'abakiriya.

Ishyirwaho ry'ikoranabuhanga rya barcode rigabanya iki kibazo ku rugero runaka binyuze mu kuzigama abakozi n'igihe binyuze mu gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bwikora. Ariko, bitewe nuko ibicuruzwa by'imyenda birangwa n'ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye, impinduka zihuse z'imideli, amabara n'ingano bitandukanye, ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'isoko bw'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi binoze, ikoranabuhanga rya barcode ryagiye rigaragaza imbogamizi zaryo buhoro buhoro. Ntirishobora gukorwa mu byiciro byinshi, kure, kumenya no gusoma amakuru mu buryo bwikora, ariko kandi ntirishobora gukurikirana mu buryo bwikora gukurikirana ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho bijyana nabyo, ibi bikaba bigabanya ubushobozi bw'ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu kugira ngo birusheho kunoza ikigo.

Ivuka ry'ikoranabuhanga rya radiyo (RFID) mu bubiko bw'imyenda no kuyikwirakwiza ryazanye impinduka zikomeye. Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ntirikemura ibibazo bigaragara mu ikoranabuhanga rya barcode gusa, ahubwo rinagaragaza ibyiza byinshi byo gusoma amakuru atari ay'abantu ku giti cyabo, kubika amakuru menshi, kumenya no gukurikirana ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwikora, nibindi. Ibi bituma sisitemu ya RFID ishobora kubona ibyiza byinshi. Ibi bituma sisitemu ya RFID ishobora gucunga neza, gukemura neza uburyo imyenda ikoreshwa ubu n'aho ikwirakwizwa mu ikusanyamakuru ritameze neza, imikorere yayo iri hasi kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha amakuru kidahagije. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, ibigo bishobora kugera ku gukwirakwiza neza no kwihuta kw'itora, isanduku, kohereza, bityo bikanoza igipimo cyo kongera kugurisha imyenda igurishwa cyane ku gihe, bikagabanya igipimo cy'inyuma cy'imyambaro igurishwa buhoro, kugira ngo bigabanya igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa, binoze imikorere y'ibigo.

Bitewe n'ibintu by'ingenzi ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikora n'uburyo bwinshi rishobora gukoreshwa mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'imyenda, iyi nyandiko izibanda ku gusesengura uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa n'isesengura ry'amakuru n'ikoranabuhanga rifata ibyemezo, ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'imyenda bushingiye ku bubiko bwa RFID no gukwirakwiza uburyo bw'ubwenge bwo gucunga. Mbere na mbere, hashingiwe ku isesengura ry'uburyo bwo kubika no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bishingiye kuri RFID, iyi nyandiko izasuzuma uburyo bwo gucunga no gukwirakwiza imyenda bushingiye kuri RFID, kandi ishyireho uburyo bwo gutunganya no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho. Icyitegererezo kizabasha kubara intera ngufi yo gutora no gukwirakwiza imyenda, kugira ngo haboneke inzira nziza yo gutora no gukurikirana uburyo bwo gutora, kandi kirusheho kunoza imikorere y'ububiko no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho.

I. Kumenya imyenda ishingiye kuri RFID

Ibirango by’imyenda bishingiye kuri RFID bikoresha EPC (Electronic Product Code) mu kwandika ibicuruzwa by’imyenda, EPC niyo gahunda mpuzamahanga igezweho mu myaka ya vuba aha, niyo sisitemu mpuzamahanga y’imenyekanisha, igizwe n’inyuguti nyinshi, harimo intangiriro y’igice cya biti n’amatsinda 3 y’igice cy’amakuru. Amatsinda 3 y’amakuru ni ibiranga uruganda, ibiranga ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa n’inomero y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Binyuze mu gusoma RFID, bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bigize umwenda umwe nko izina, urwego, inomero y’ikintu, icyitegererezo, umwenda, igitambaro, uburyo bwo kumesa, igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gushyira mu bikorwa, inomero y’ibicuruzwa, inomero y’umugenzuzi n’amakuru ajyanye n’umusaruro bishobora kwandikwa mu buryo bujyanye nabyo. Tag ya Rfid, kandi ikirango cy'ikoranabuhanga kizashyirwa ku mwenda. Muri ubu buryo, buri mwenda uhabwa ikimenyetso cyihariye cya RFID kitoroshye guhimba.

Udupapuro twa RFID dufatanye n'imyenda mu buryo butandukanye, nko mu myenda yashyizwemo, ikozwe mu buryo bwa "nameplate" cyangwa "hanging tag". Imyenda yashyizwemo muri rusange ishobora gushyirwa mu myenda nyuma y'ijosi cyangwa amaboko, ariko kandi ishobora no gukorwamo utubuto twanditseho "label" nk'utubuto twa mbere tw'imyenda, ku buryo bitoroshye kwangirika. Mu kwandika amakuru atandukanye, utwo dupapuro twa RFID tworoshye kubimenya no gusoma, bigatuma uburyo bwo kubika no gukwirakwiza imyenda burushaho kuba bwiza.

Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo kubika no gukwirakwiza imyenda bushingiye kuri RFID

Mu bikorwa byo kubika ibintu, kubona amakuru y’imyenda mu buryo butunguranye, harimo kwakira imyenda yo mu bubiko, kubika ibintu mu bubiko, gutoranya ibyo watumije, kubika ibintu mu bubiko no kubika ibicuruzwa mu bubiko. Iyo agasanduku kose k’imyenda ifite tagi za RFID kinjiye mu gace k’umusemburo wa RFID, umusemburo wa RFID uhita afata amakuru mu tagi nyinshi hanyuma akayohereza muri sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko (Sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko, WMS).

Mu gihe cyo kubika ibicuruzwa, gukoresha uburyo bwa RFID bwo kumenya amakuru ajyanye no kurwanya impanuka, bishobora gusoma tagi zitandukanye za RFID, kwemeza umubare w'imyenda iri mu bubiko, ubwoko, nibindi, kandi bigakurikirana inzira yo kubika ibicuruzwa kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa bishyizwe mu mwanya w'imizigo ukwiye. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ikora amakuru nk'aderesi y'aho kubika ibicuruzwa, kandi sisitemu ya WMS ikora icyemezo cy'impinduka z'amakuru y'imizigo mu bubiko hakurikijwe aya makuru.

Iyo uvuye mu bubiko, iyo agapaki cyangwa imashini ipakiye imyenda inyuze mu nyandiko isanzwe yashyizwe ku irembo, amakuru ya RFID tag ku myenda arasomwa. Sisitemu igenzura amakuru hakurikijwe inyandiko yo gutanga hanyuma ikavugurura imiterere y'imyenda. Kugira ngo imyenda igurishwe cyane ivugururwe, sisitemu ya RFID yerekana imiterere y'imyenda nk'iyo ndetse n'uko bikenewe kongera imiterere y'imyenda, ibara, ingano n'ibindi bisobanuro, bigatuma amakuru yo kongera kuzuza. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ya RFID ibarura imiterere y'imyenda, ibona igihe cyo kuguma kwa buri bwoko bw'imyenda (harimo imiterere, amabara, ingano, nibindi) mu bubiko, kandi ikamenya ubwoko bw'imyenda igenda buhoro kandi idafite igihe, bityo igaha abayobozi amakuru yo gufata ibyemezo nko kugabanya ibiciro no kuzamurwa mu ntera, no kongera igurishwa ry'imyenda.