Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwetekhnoloji yeRFID kwiindawo ezinzima

Itekhnoloji yokuchongwa kwamaza erediyo (RFID) ikwinqanaba lokuqonda kwi-Intanethi yezinto. Ileya yokuqonda yeyona leya isezantsi kwi-Intanethi yezinto, enoxanduva lokuqokelelwa kolwazi kunye nokuqonda. Iqokelela, iguqula kwaye idlulise ulwazi oluvela kwihlabathi elibonakalayo ukuya kwiqonga le-Intanethi yezinto ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokuqonda. Njengetekhnoloji ebalulekileyo yokuva ulwazi, i-RFID ichonga ngokuzenzekelayo izinto ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye ifumane idatha efanelekileyo ngemiqondiso yerediyo engenazingcingo ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu, kwaye inokusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji ye-RFID yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeleya yokuqonda kwi-Intanethi yezinto.

1. Ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kokuchongwa kwefrikhwensi yerediyo (I-RFID) iteknoloji kumanqanaba okuqonda kwi-Intanethi yezinto

Iimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuchongwa kwerediyo (RFID) kumaleko wokuqonda we-Intanethi yezinto ziquka amasimi amaninzi, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ibalulekile kwi-Intanethi yezinto.

Ulawulo lwezothutho: Itekhnoloji ye-RFID isetyenziswa kakhulu kulawulo lwezothutho. Umzekelo, kwi-Airport Aviation Logistics Park, i-Sinotrans Air Transport Development Company isebenzisa izixhobo ze-RFID ukusasaza iimpahla ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yezothutho. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji ye-RFID ikwasetyenziselwa ukujonga nokulawula ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, ukulayisha kunye nokukhupha iimpahla ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokucaca kwenkqubo yezothutho.

Ulawulo lwezixhobo ezikrelekrele: Itekhnoloji ye-RFID ingasetyenziselwa ulawulo lwezixhobo ezikrelekrele, ezinokuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zilandelele izixhobo ngenkqubo yokuchonga amaza erediyo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo kunye nokuchaneka.

Ikhabhinethi yezinto ezisetyenziswayo zonyango ezikrelekrele: Kwicandelo lezonyango, itekhnoloji ye-RFID isetyenziswa kwiikhabhinethi zezinto ezisetyenziswayo zonyango ezikrelekrele, ezinokuchonga nokulandelela izinto ezisetyenziswayo zonyango ngeethegi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kunye nolawulo lwempahla yezinto ezisetyenziswayo.

Iivenkile ezikrelekrele kunye neekhabhathi zokuthengisa ezingenabantu: Itekhnoloji ye-RFID ikwasetyenziswa kwiivenkile ezikrelekrele kunye neekhabhathi zokuthengisa ezingenabantu, ezinokubona iimpahla ezithengwa ngabathengi ngokusebenzisa Iithegi zokuthengisa zeRFID ukufezekisa ukuhlawula iinkonzo zakho kunye nolawulo lwempahla.

Inkqubo yokujonga ukhuseleko lweendawo zokupaka iibhasi: Itekhnoloji ye-RFID ikwasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokujonga ukhuseleko kwiindawo zokupaka iibhasi, idibanisa inkqubo yokungena nokuphuma kwezithuthi kunye nenkqubo yokujonga ividiyo ekrelekrele yesitishi ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendawo zokupaka.

I-Intanethi yezinto zeShishini kunye neeNkqubo zoThutho eziNgcono: Kwi-Intanethi yezinto zeShishini kunye neeNkqubo zoThutho eziNgcono, iteknoloji ye-RFID isetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxabano zokufunda nokubhala kunye neengxaki zokuqokelelwa kwedatha, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubhala nokubhala. Umzekelo, iprotokholi yokuhambisa "iBhayisikile ye-Intanethi" esekelwe kwiNethiwekhi eLungelayo yokuLibazisa (i-DTN) isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela idatha kwinethiwekhi yesenzi yenkqubo yokwabelana ngebhayisikile kawonkewonke.

2. Ukusebenzisana phakathi komaleko wokuqonda kunye nezinye iileya kuyilo lwe-IoT

Kwisakhiwo se-IoT, intsebenziswano phakathi komaleko wokuqonda kunye nezinye iileya (ezifana nomaleko wenethiwekhi kunye nomaleko wesicelo) yile ilandelayo:

Umaleko wokuqonda uqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwihlabathi lokwenyani, olufana nobushushu, ukufuma, ukukhanya, isandi, indawo, ividiyo, njl.njl., ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokufumana idatha. Emva kokuba ulwazi luguqulwe lwaba yifomathi yedatha eqhelekileyo, lucutshungulwa yinkqubo efakwe ngaphakathi kwaye ludluliselwe kwiindawo zesiseko sesitishi kunye namasango okufikelela kumaleko wokufikelela ngenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, kwaye ekugqibeleni lufikelela kwisiphelo somsebenzisi. Umaleko wenethiwekhi uphakathi komaleko wokuqonda kunye nomaleko wesicelo, kwaye unoxanduva lokudlulisa ulwazi lwedatha oluqokelelwe ngumaleko wokuqonda kumaleko wesicelo ukuze kuhlalutywe kwaye kulawulwe. Umaleko wenethiwekhi ubandakanya ikakhulu amacandelo amathathu: inethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa, inethiwekhi yokufikelela, kunye nenethiwekhi yokuthwala. Inethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa isebenzisa itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo (efana ne-TPUNB, i-LoRa, i-ZigBee, i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, njl.njl.) ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yokuqonda ububanzi; inethiwekhi yokufikelela isebenzisa uyilo lwe-6LoWPAN kunye ne-M2M ukuze kufezekiswe ukufikelela kwedatha yokuqonda ukusuka kwinethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa ukuya kwinethiwekhi yokuthwala; Inethiwekhi yabathwali isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-IPv6 kunye ne-M2M ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeedilesi ezininzi kunye nokufezekisa unxibelelwano olukrelekrele phakathi koomatshini nezixhobo.

Umaleko wesicelo lulwandlalo oluphezulu loyilo lwe-IoT kwaye lunoxanduva lokuguqula idatha ecutshungulwayo ibe zizicelo zokwenyani. Umaleko wokuqonda unxibelelana nomaleko weqonga nge-interface kwaye uthumela idatha ukusuka kumaleko wokuqonda ukuya kumaleko weqonga ukuze icutshungulwe. Kwangaxeshanye, imodyuli ikwafuna ukucubungula imiyalelo ukusuka kumaleko wesicelo, iguqule imiyalelo ibe yimiyalelo ethile yokusebenza kwaye iyithumele kumaleko wokuqonda. Umaleko wesicelo ikakhulu ugqibezela ulawulo lwedatha kunye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha, kwaye udibanisa le datha kunye nezicelo zoshishino. Kwiprojekthi yokwakha inkqubo yezonyango ekrelekrele, umaleko wesicelo uqokelela, uhlalutye kwaye ucubungule idatha evela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesibhedlele ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqondana kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwee-node ze-IoT kunye nezixhobo zesibhedlele.

3. Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwe I-RFIDiteknoloji kwiindawo ezinzima

Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwetekhnoloji yeRFID kwiindawo ezinzima kunokuhlaziywa kwiinkalo ezininzi.

Eyona nto iphambili kwitekhnoloji ye-RFID ikwindlela yayo yokubona abantu ngaphandle kokunxibelelana nabo. iithegi zeRFID zemizi-mveliso Xa ingena kwicandelo le-RF lomfundi, i-antenna ifumana isignali ye-RF ekhutshwa ngumfundi, ivelise umsinga oshukunyiswayo, isebenze itshiphu ekwithegi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukufundwa kolwazi. Olu phawu lokungaqhagamshelwa luvumela inkqubo ye-RFID ukuba isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nobumnyama, uthuli, kunye namabala eoyile, kwaye ayichaphazeleki zizinto zendalo ezifana nokukhanya, uthuli, imvula kunye nekhephu.

Iinkqubo ze-RFID zinamandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka. I-RFID harsh tag isasebenza kakuhle nokuba kukho indawo egqunyiweyo okanye eyomileyo (njengothuli, amabala eoyile, njl.njl.). Ukongeza, Ithegi eqinileyo ye-RFID zinokusebenza kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye nokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic, nangona ukusebenza kwazo kunokuchaphazeleka phantsi kwezi meko zinzima, okubangela ukungaphumeleli kokuqatshelwa okanye ukungazinzi.

Itekhnoloji ye-RFID ikwanako ukuskena ngokukhawuleza nokubona kumgama omde. Ingabona iithegi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqokelelwa kwedatha, kwaye ingabona kwiindawo apho umgca othe ngqo ungafikeleli khona. Olu phawu lwenza i-RFID isebenze kakuhle xa isetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zoshishino kwizicelo ezifana nokubona izixhobo.

Ukwengeza, iithegi zeRFID eziqinileyozihlala zenziwe ngefoyile yesinyithi, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye azinamagnethi, azinamanzi, azinawo ubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye azigugi kakhulu. Ezi mpawu zivumela I-Rfid erhabaxaiithegi zokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinzima.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona iteknoloji ye-RFID isebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu, ukusebenza kwayo kunokuthintelwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezinzima, ezinje ngobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu okanye ukufuma okuphezulu. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha imeko yesicelo seteknoloji ye-RFID, iimeko ezithile zendalo kusafuneka ziqwalaselwe.

Umgaqo osebenzayo wetekhnoloji ye-RFID kwiindawo ezinzima ngokuyintloko kukufezekisa ukuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuqokelelwa kwedatha ngokusasazwa kwesignali yerediyo engadibaniyo.

4. Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kokuchonga iRadio Frequency (I-RFID) Itekhnoloji kwiLayer yePerception ye-Intanethi yezinto

Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuchongwa kwerediyo (RFID) kumaleko wokuqonda we-Intanethi yezinto kuneenzuzo kunye neengxaki ezibalulekileyo. Oku kulandelayo luvavanyo oluneenkcukacha lweenzuzo kunye nemida yetekhnoloji ye-RFID kumaleko wokuqonda we-IoT:

a. Iingenelo

Itekhnoloji ye-RFID yitekhnoloji yokuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo engenakho ukunxibelelana ethumela kwaye ichonge ulwazi ngemiqondiso yerediyo ngaphandle kokunxibelelana ngokomzimba, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Iinkqubo zeRFID zinokufunda ulwazi lweethegi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokuchonga iithegi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwiimeko apho inani elikhulu lezinto kufuneka zicutshungulwe ngokukhawuleza.

Iithegi zeRFID ze-uhf ezirhabaxa inokugcina idatha eninzi, kuquka ulwazi lwemveliso, ulwazi lwendawo, njl.njl., nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukulandelela nokulawula izinto.

Ukufikelela kwedatha kwiithegi zeRFID kudla ngokukhuselwa ngegama lokugqitha kwaye kukhuselekile kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele usetyenziso olufuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu.

Iithegi zeRFID eziqinileyozincinci ngobukhulu kwaye zilula ngobunzima, zinokufakwa okanye zincamathiselwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zinobomi obude benkonzo.

Iinkqubo ze-RFID zinokufikelela ekufundeni umgama omde, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ezifuna ukugubungela indawo enkulu.

b. Iingxaki

Nangona ixabiso le-RFIDIthegi Eqinileyo Njengoko iyancipha kancinci kancinci, iindleko zizonke zeenkqubo zeRFID zisephezulu, kuquka utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zehardware kunye neenkqubo zesoftware, nto leyo eyindleko enkulu kumashishini amancinci naphakathi.

Ngexesha lokuchongwa kwebhetshi, iinkqubo zeRFID zinokuba neempazamo zokuchonga, ingakumbi xa iithegi zixinene okanye okusingqongileyo kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Itekhnoloji ye-RFID ineengxaki zokumisela umgangatho phakathi kwabathengisi kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo enokubangela imiba yokuhambelana kunye nemiba yokusebenzisana.

Nangona Iithegi zeRFID ezinzimaUkuba zikhuselwe ngephasiwedi, kusekho umngcipheko wokuba ziqhekeke, ingakumbi kwiimeko zezicelo ezineemfuno zokhuseleko eziphezulu kakhulu.

Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwethegi yeRFID ngokwayo kuphantsi, kwezinye iimeko zesicelo, ezifana neenethiwekhi zesensor ezifuna ukusebenza ixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yeRFID kusafuneka kuqwalaselwe.

Itekhnoloji ye-RFID ineengenelo ezibalulekileyo kumaleko okuqonda kwi-Intanethi yezinto, njengokuchonga okungekuko ukuqhagamshelana, ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, ukugcinwa kwedatha enkulu, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubomi obude kunye nomgama wokufunda omde. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zayo eziphezulu zenkqubo, iimpazamo zokuqatshelwa, imiba yomgangatho, iimpazamo zokhuseleko, kunye nemiba yokusetyenziswa kwamandla nazo ziyimingeni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwaye isonjululwe.

5. Ukongeza kwi I-RFID, zeziphi ezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe eziphambili ezikhoyo kuluhlu lokuqonda lwe-Intanethi yezinto?

Ukongeza kwi-RFID, kukho nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekileyo kwi-intanethi yezinto. Ezi ndlela zobuchwepheshe ziquka:

Iteknoloji yeSensor: IiSensor zezona teknoloji ziphambili zomaleko wokuqonda, ezisetyenziselwa ukuqonda ulwazi oluphathekayo, olwekhemikhali, olwebhayoloji nolunye ulwazi, kwaye ziguqule olu lwazi lube ziimpawu zombane kwaye ziludlulisele kumaleko wenethiwekhi. Iteknoloji yeSensor isebenzisa iisensor kunye neenethiwekhi zesensor ezizilungiselela ngokwazo ezininzi ukuze zibone kwaye ziqokelele ulwazi malunga nezinto ezibonwayo kwindawo yokugubungela inethiwekhi.

Iteknoloji yokuqaphela iibhakhowudi: Iibhakhowudi ziquka iikhowudi ezinemilinganiselo enye kunye neekhowudi ezinemilinganiselo emibini. Yiteknoloji yokuqaphela ezenzekelayo engabizi kwaye isebenzayo enezibonelelo zesantya sokufaka esikhawulezayo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuqokelelwa kolwazi oluninzi, kunye nokuguquguquka nokusebenza. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

Ikhowudi ye-EPC: Ikhowudi ye-EPC (ikhowudi yemveliso ye-elektroniki) inomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wokubhala ikhowudi, onokuhlangabezana neemfuno "zento enye, ikhowudi enye" ​​kwi-Intanethi yezinto, kwaye inokufundwa kude. Injongo yayo kukuseka ulwimi lokutshintshiselana ngolwazi lwehlabathi ngenkqubo yokubhala ikhowudi edibeneyo nesemgangathweni.

Iteknoloji yeGPS: Iteknoloji yeGPS isetyenziselwa ukufumana nokulandelela indawo yezinto kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomaleko wokuqonda.

Iinethiwekhi ezizilungiselelayo kunye neenethiwekhi zesensor: Ezi teknoloji zisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukuzilungiselela kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezixhobo zomaleko wokuqonda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqokelelwa kolwazi kunye nokudluliselwa kwalo.

Iteknoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo: efana neBluetooth, i-infrared, iZigBee, iTPUNB, iLoRa, njl.njl., yokudlulisela idatha engenazingcingo.

Ikhamera: isetyenziselwa ukufumana nokubeka esweni imifanekiso, yenye yezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zomaleko wokuqonda.