Nheyo yekushanda uye mashandiro etekinoroji yeRFID munzvimbo dzakaoma
Tekinoroji yekuziva mafrequency eredhiyo (RFID) ndeyechikamu chekunzwisisa muInternet of Things. Chikamu chekunzwisisa ndicho chikamu chakaderera muInternet of Things architecture, icho chinonyanya kukonzera kuunganidzwa kwemashoko nekunzwisisa. Chinounganidza, chinoshandura uye chinotumira ruzivo kubva kunyika yepanyama kuenda kuInternet of Things platform kuburikidza nemasensa akasiyana-siyana nemidziyo yekunzwisisa. Se tekinoroji yakakosha yekuona ruzivo, RFID inoona otomatiki zvinhu zvinotarirwa uye inowana data rakakodzera kuburikidza nemasaini eredhiyo asina waya pasina kupindira kwevanhu, uye inogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaoma. Saka, tekinoroji yeRFID chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet of Things.
1. Kushandiswa kwakananga kwekuziva mafrequency eredhiyo (RFID) tekinoroji iri muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet of Things
Mashandisirwo chaiwo ekushandisa tekinoroji yeradio frequency identification (RFID) muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet of Things anosanganisira nzvimbo dzakawanda, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inokosha muInternet of Things.
Kutarisira zvinhu: Tekinoroji yeRFID yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukutarisira zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, muAirport Aviation Logistics Park, Sinotrans Air Transport Development Company inoshandisa michina yeRFID kuparadzira zvinhu nekukurumidza, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro ezvekutakura zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yeRFID inoshandiswawo kutarisa nekutarisira kutakurwa, kuchengetwa, kurodha uye kuburutsa zvinhu munguva chaiyo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ezvekutakura zvinhu anoshanda uye pachena.
Kutarisira maturusi akangwara: Tekinoroji yeRFID inogona kushandiswa pakutarisira maturusi akangwara, ayo anogona kuona nekutevera maturusi otomatiki kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuzivikanwa kwemafrequency eredhiyo, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekutonga uye kururama.
Makabati ekushandisa zvinhu zvekurapa akangwara: Munyaya dzekurapa, tekinoroji yeRFID inoshandiswa kumakabati ekushandisa zvinhu zvekurapa akangwara, ayo anogona kuona nekutevera zvinhu zvekurapa kuburikidza nematagi kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa zvine musoro uye manejimendi yezvinhu zvekushandisa.
Zvitoro zvemazuva ano uye makabati ekutengesa asina vanhu: Tekinoroji yeRFID inoshandiswawo muzvitoro zvemazuva ano uye makabati ekutengesa asina vanhu, ayo anogona kuziva zvinhu zvinotengwa nevatengi kuburikidza RFID rekutengesa ma tag kuti uwane mukana wekuzvishandira wega uye kutarisira zvinhu zviri mudura rako.
Sisitimu yekutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo dzekupaka mabhazi: Tekinoroji yeRFID inoshandiswawo muhurongwa hwekutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo dzekupaka mabhazi, ichibatanidza sisitimu yekutarisira kupinda nekubuda kwemotokari uye sisitimu yekutarisa vhidhiyo yechiteshi kuti ivandudze kuchengetedzeka nekushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo dzekupaka.
Indaneti yeZvinhu zveMaindasitiri uye Masisitimu Ekufambisa Akangwara: MuInternet yeZvinhu zveMaindasitiri uye Masisitimu Ekufambisa Akangwara, tekinoroji yeRFID inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwekuverenga-kunyora nematambudziko ekuunganidza data, uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kururama kwekuverenga-kunyora. Semuenzaniso, "Internet Bicycle" routing protocol yakavakirwa paDelay Tolerant Network (DTN) inoshandiswa kuunganidza data mu sensor network yehurongwa hwekugovana mabhasikoro eruzhinji.
2. Kudyidzana pakati pechikamu chekuona nezvimwe zvikamu muIoT architecture
MuIoT architecture, kudyidzana pakati pe perception layer nedzimwe layer (senge network layer ne application layer) ndekwekuti:
Chikamu chekuona chinounganidza ruzivo kubva munyika chaiyo, senge tembiricha, hunyoro, chiedza, ruzha, nzvimbo, vhidhiyo, nezvimwewo, kuburikidza nemasensa akasiyana-siyana uye zvishandiso zvekuwana data. Mushure mekunge ruzivo rwashandurwa kuita fomati yedata yakajairika, runogadziriswa nesystem yakavharirwa uye inotumirwa kuma node echiteshi chepasi uye magedhi ekupinda echikamu chekupinda kuburikidza nenetwork yekutaurirana isina waya, uye pakupedzisira inosvika kune terminal yemushandisi. Chikamu chenetwork chiri pakati pechikamu chekuona nechikamu chekushandisa, uye chine basa rekutumira ruzivo rwedata rwakaunganidzwa nechikamu chekuona kune chikamu chekushandisa chekuongorora nekugadzirisa. Chikamu chenetwork chinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: network yekuunganidza, network yekupinda, uye network yekutakura. Network yekuunganidza inoshandisa tekinoroji yekutaurirana isina waya (senge TPUNB, LoRa, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, nezvimwewo) kuti iite kuunganidzwa kwedata rekuona range; network yekupinda inoshandisa 6LoWPAN uye M2M architecture kuti iite kuti data rekuona risvike kubva kune network yekuunganidza kuenda kune network yekutakura; Network yekutakura inoshandisa tekinoroji yeIPv6 neM2M kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekero dzakawanda uye kuona kubatana kwakangwara pakati pemichina nemidziyo.
Chimiro chekushandisa ndicho chikamu chepamusoro cheIoT architecture uye chine basa rekushandura data rakagadziriswa kuita maapplication chaiwo. Chimiro chekuona chinoshanda nechikamu chepuratifomu kuburikidza neinterface uye chinotumira data kubva pachimiro chekuona kuenda kuchidziro chepuratifomu kuti chigadziriswe. Panguva imwe chete, module iyi inodawo kugadzirisa mirairo kubva pachimiro chekushandisa, kushandura mirairo kuita mirairo chaiyo yekushanda uye kuitumira kuchidziro chekuona. Chimiro chekushandisa chinonyanya kupedzisa manejimendi yedata nekugadzirisa data, uye chinosanganisa data iri nemaapplication eindasitiri. Mupurojekiti yekuvaka system yekurapa yakangwara, chikamu chekushandisa chinounganidza, chinoongorora uye chinogadzirisa data kubva mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana echipatara kuti chiwane maonero akafanana uye kubatana pakati pema node eIoT nemidziyo yechipatara.
3. Nheyo yekushanda uye mashandiro e RFIDtekinoroji munzvimbo dzakaoma
Nheyo yekushanda uye mashandiro etekinoroji yeRFID munzvimbo dzakaoma zvinogona kuongororwa kubva muzvinhu zvakawanda.
Chinhu chikuru che RFID tekinoroji chiri munzira yayo yekuzivikanwa isina kubatana. ma RFID eindasitiri Kana ichipinda mumunda weRF wemuverengi, antenna inogamuchira chiratidzo cheRF chinoburitswa nemuverengi, inogadzira magetsi anokonzerwa, inoita kuti chip iri mutag ishande, uye nokudaro inoita kuti ruzivo ruverengeke. Kuzivikanwa uku kusingabatanidzi ruzivo kunoita kuti RFID system ishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai serima, guruva, uye mavara emafuta, uye haikanganisirwi nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita sechiedza, guruva, mvura, uye sinou.
Masisitimu eRFID ane kugona kwakasimba kwekudzivirira kukanganiswa. RFID harsh tag inogona kushanda nemazvo kunyangwe paine nzvimbo dzakavharika kana dzakaoma (senge guruva, mavara emafuta, nezvimwewo). Pamusoro pezvo, RFID tag yakaoma zvinogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai sekupisa kwakanyanya, hunyoro hwakawanda, uye kukanganiswa kwakanyanya kwemagetsi, kunyangwe mashandiro azvo anogona kukanganiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai akaipisisa, zvichikonzera kutadza kuzivikanwa kana kusagadzikana.
Tekinoroji yeRFID inewo kugona kwekuskena nekukurumidza uye kuziva zviri kure. Inogona kuona ma tag akawanda panguva imwe chete, zvichivandudza zvikuru mashandiro ekuunganidza data, uye inogona kuona munzvimbo dzisingakwanise kusvika pamutsetse wakananga. Iyi ficha inoita kuti RFID ishande zvakanaka kana ikashandiswa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri pakushandisa senge kuzivikanwa kwemidziyo.
Pamusoro pe, ma RFID tag akaomararaanowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi foil, anogara kwenguva refu, uye ane simba rekudzivirira magineti, haapindi mvura, haapise kupisa kwakanyanya, uye haaparadzike zvakanaka. Hunhu uhwu hunogonesa Rfid Yakaomararama tags ekushanda zvakanaka kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe tekinoroji yeRFID ichishanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakaoma, mashandiro ayo anogona kunge asina kugadzikana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, akadai sekupisa kwakanyanya kana hunyoro hwakawanda. Saka, pakusarudza mamiriro ekushandisa tekinoroji yeRFID, mamiriro chaiwo ezvakatipoteredza achiri kufanira kufungwa nezvawo.
Nheyo yekushanda kwetekinoroji yeRFID munzvimbo dzakaoma ndeyekuwana kuzivikanwa otomatiki uye kuunganidzwa kwedata kuburikidza nekutumira masaini eredhiyo asingabatanidzwe.
4. Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa Zvekuziva Mafambiro Eredhiyo (RFIDTekinoroji muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet yezvinhu
Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekuziva mafrequency eredhiyo (RFID) muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet of Things kune zvakanakira nezvakaipa zvakakosha. Zvinotevera ongororo yakadzama yezvakanakira nemiganhu yetekinoroji yeRFID muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheIoT:
a. Zvakanakira
Tekinoroji yeRFID itekinoroji yekuziva otomatiki isina kubata inotumira nekuona ruzivo kuburikidza nemasaini eredhiyo pasina kubata panyama, izvo zvinoita kuti ishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Masisitimu eRFID anogona kuverenga ruzivo rwema tag nekukurumidza uye anogona kuona ma tag akawanda panguva imwe chete, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoda kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Matagi eRFID ane hukasharara inogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwedata, kusanganisira ruzivo rwechigadzirwa, ruzivo rwenzvimbo, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuteverwa nekutarisira zvinhu.
Kuwanikwa kwedata reRFID tags kunowanzo chengetedzwa nepassword uye kwakachengeteka zvikuru, zvichiita kuti zvikodzere maapplication anoda kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya.
RFID hard tagsmadiki muhukuru uye akareruka muhuremu, anogona kuiswa kana kubatanidzwa pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye ane hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Masisitimu eRFID anogona kuverenga zviri kure, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru pakushandisa zvinhu zvinoda kufukidza nzvimbo yakakura.
b. Zvakashata
Kunyangwe mutengo weRFIDTag Yakaoma Zviri kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, mutengo wese wemaRFID systems uchiri wakakwira, kusanganisira mari inoshandiswa mumidziyo yehardware nemasoftware systems, inova mari yakawanda kumabhizinesi madiki nepakati.
Munguva yekuziva ma "batch", masisitimu eRFID anogona kunge aine zvikanganiso zvekuzivikanwa, kunyanya kana ma "tag" akawanda kana kuti nharaunda yakaoma.
Tekinoroji yeRFID ine matambudziko ekugadzirisa pakati pevatengesi nemashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekubatana uye matambudziko ekushanda pamwe chete.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro RFID ma tag akaomararaKana password yakachengetedzwa, kuchine njodzi yekutyoka, kunyanya muzviitiko zvemashandisirwo ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuchengetedza.
Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwesimba kweRFID tag pachayo kwakaderera, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekushandisa, zvakaita semasensa network anoda kushanda kwenguva yakareba, kushandiswa kwesimba kweRFID system yese kuchiri kufanira kufungwa nezvako.
Tekinoroji yeRFID ine zvakanakira zvikuru mukushandiswa kweInternet of Things, zvakaita sekuziva vanhu vasingabatanidzwe, kuverenga nekukurumidza, kuchengetwa kwedata rakakura, kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya, saizi diki, hupenyu hurefu uye daro refu rekuverenga. Zvisinei, mitengo yayo yepamusoro yesystem, zvikanganiso zvekuzivikanwa, matambudziko ekuenzanisa, zvikanganiso zvekuchengetedza, uye matambudziko ekushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi matambudziko anofanirwawo kutariswa uye kugadziriswa.
5. Pamusoro pe RFID, ndedzipi dzimwe tekinoroji huru dziripo muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet of Things?
Pamusoro peRFID, kune mamwe matekinoroji akawanda akakosha muchikamu chekunzwisisa cheInternet of Things. Matekinoroji aya anosanganisira:
Tekinoroji yeSensor: Masensor ndiyo tekinoroji huru ye perception layer, iyo inoshandiswa kuona ruzivo rwepanyama, rwemakemikari, rwebhayoloji nerumwe ruzivo, uye kushandura ruzivo urwu kuita masaini emagetsi uye kuatumira kune network layer. Tekinoroji yeSensor inoshandisa masensor uye multi-hop self-organizing sensor networks kuti vabatane pamwe chete vaone uye vaunganidze ruzivo nezvezvinhu zvinoonekwa munzvimbo inofukidzwa nenetwork.
Tekinoroji yekuziva maBarcode: MaBarcode anosanganisira macode ane divi rimwe chete nemacode ane divi rimwe chete. Iyi tekinoroji inochengetedza mari uye inoshanda otomatiki ine mabhenefiti ekumhanya kwekupinda nekukurumidza, kuvimbika kwakanyanya, kuunganidzwa kwemashoko akawanda, uye kuchinjika uye kushanda. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Kodhi yeEPC: Kodhi yeEPC (kodhi yechigadzirwa chemagetsi) ine kugona kukuru kwekodhi, iyo inogona kuzadzisa chinodiwa che "chinhu chimwe, kodhi imwe" muInternet of Things, uye inogona kuverengwa kure. Chinangwa chayo ndechekugadzira mutauro wepasi rose wekuchinjana ruzivo kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakabatana uye hwakajairika hwekodhi.
Tekinoroji yeGPS: Tekinoroji yeGPS inoshandiswa kuwana nekutevera nzvimbo yezvinhu uye chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chekuona.
Manetwork anozvironga uye masensa: Aya matekinoroji anoshandiswa kuzadzisa kuronga kwega uye kushandira pamwe pakati pezvishandiso zve perception layer kuti zvivandudze kushanda kwekuunganidza nekutumira ruzivo.
Tekinoroji yekutaurirana isina waya: yakaita seBluetooth, infrared, ZigBee, TPUNB, LoRa, nezvimwewo, yekutumira data isina waya.
Kamera: inoshandiswa pakutora nekutarisa mifananidzo, ndeimwe yezvishandiso zvakakosha zvechikamu chekuona.