Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a ukadaulo wa RFID m'malo ovuta

Ukadaulo wozindikira ma frequency a wailesi (RFID) ndi wa gawo lozindikira mu intaneti ya Zinthu. Gawo lozindikira ndi gawo lotsika kwambiri mu kapangidwe ka intaneti ya Zinthu, komwe makamaka kumayang'anira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuzindikira. Limasonkhanitsa, kusintha ndikutumiza chidziwitso kuchokera kudziko lapansi kupita ku nsanja ya intaneti ya Zinthu kudzera mu masensa osiyanasiyana ndi zida zozindikira. Monga ukadaulo wofunikira wozindikira chidziwitso, RFID imadzizindikiritsa yokha zinthu zomwe zikufunidwa ndikupeza deta yoyenera kudzera mu ma signali opanda zingwe a wailesi popanda kulowererapo kwa munthu, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana ovuta. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wa RFID ndi gawo lofunikira la gawo lozindikira la intaneti ya Zinthu.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera chidziwitso cha mafunde a wailesi (RFID) ukadaulo mu gawo la kuzindikira la intaneti ya Zinthu

Magwiritsidwe ntchito enieni a ukadaulo wozindikira ma radio frequency (RFID) mu gawo la kuzindikira la intaneti ya Zinthu amaphatikizapo magawo angapo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso ofunikira pa intaneti ya Zinthu.

Kasamalidwe ka katundu: Ukadaulo wa RFID wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa kasamalidwe ka katundu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Airport Aviation Logistics Park, Sinotrans Air Transport Development Company imagwiritsa ntchito zida za RFID kuti ifalitse katundu mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zoyendetsera katundu ziyende bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera kayendedwe, kusungiramo katundu, kukweza ndi kutsitsa katundu nthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira zoyendetsera katundu zikuyenda bwino komanso momveka bwino.

Kuyang'anira zida zanzeru: Ukadaulo wa RFID ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira zida zanzeru, zomwe zimatha kuzindikira ndikutsatira zida zokha kudzera mu njira yodziwira ma frequency a wailesi, motero zimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino komanso kulondola.

Kabati yanzeru yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala: Mu gawo la zamankhwala, ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakabati anzeru ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, omwe amatha kuzindikira ndikutsatira zinthu zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito ma tag kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru komanso kuti zinthuzo zikuyang'aniridwa bwino.

Masitolo anzeru ndi makabati ogulitsa opanda anthu: Ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'masitolo ogulitsa anzeru ndi makabati ogulitsa opanda anthu, omwe amatha kuzindikira katundu wogulidwa ndi makasitomala kudzera mu Ma tag ogulitsa a RFID kuti mupeze njira yodzithandizira pa ntchito yolipira komanso kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo.

Dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo cha malo oimika magalimoto a mabasi: Ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo cha malo oimika magalimoto a mabasi, kuphatikiza njira yolowera ndi yotulukira magalimoto ndi njira yanzeru yowunikira makanema a siteshoni kuti akonze chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a malo oimika magalimoto.

Ma intaneti a Zinthu ndi Mayendedwe Anzeru: Mu intaneti ya Zinthu ndi Mayendedwe Anzeru, ukadaulo wa RFID umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mikangano yowerenga-kulemba ndi mavuto osonkhanitsa deta, ndikuwonjezera luso ndi kulondola kwa kuwerenga-kulemba. Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera "Njinga ya Intaneti" yochokera pa Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta mu netiweki ya masensa ya dongosolo logawana njinga za anthu onse.

2. Kuyanjana pakati pa gawo lozindikira ndi zigawo zina mu kapangidwe ka IoT

Mu kapangidwe ka IoT, kuyanjana pakati pa gawo lozindikira ndi zigawo zina (monga gawo la netiweki ndi gawo logwiritsira ntchito) kuli motere:

Gawo lozindikira limasonkhanitsa chidziwitso kuchokera ku dziko lenileni, monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuwala, phokoso, malo, kanema, ndi zina zotero, kudzera mu masensa osiyanasiyana ndi zida zopezera deta. Chidziwitsocho chitasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wokhazikika wa deta, chimakonzedwa ndi makina ophatikizidwa ndikutumizidwa ku ma node a siteshoni yoyambira ndi zipata zolowera za gawo lolowera kudzera pa netiweki yolumikizirana yopanda zingwe, ndipo pamapeto pake chimafika pa malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Gawo la netiweki lili pakati pa gawo lozindikira ndi gawo logwiritsira ntchito, ndipo limayang'anira kutumiza chidziwitso cha deta chomwe chasonkhanitsidwa ndi gawo lozindikira kupita ku gawo lothandizira kuti chisanthulidwe ndi kasamalidwe. Gawo la netiweki limaphatikizapo makamaka magawo atatu: netiweki yosonkhanitsa, netiweki yofikira, ndi netiweki yonyamula. Netiweki yosonkhanitsa imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe (monga TPUNB, LoRa, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ndi zina zotero) kuti ikwaniritse kusonkhanitsa deta yozindikira ya range; netiweki yofikira imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka 6LoWPAN ndi M2M kuti ikwaniritse kupeza deta yozindikira kuchokera ku netiweki yosonkhanitsa kupita ku netiweki yonyamula; Netiweki yonyamula imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa IPv6 ndi M2M kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za maadiresi ambiri ndikuzindikira kulumikizana kwanzeru pakati pa makina ndi zida.

Gawo la ntchito ndi gawo lapamwamba la kapangidwe ka IoT ndipo limayang'anira kusintha deta yokonzedwa kukhala mapulogalamu enieni. Gawo la kuzindikira limalumikizana ndi gawo la nsanja kudzera mu mawonekedwe ndikutumiza deta kuchokera ku gawo la kuzindikira kupita ku gawo la nsanja kuti ikonzedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, gawoli liyeneranso kukonza malangizo kuchokera ku gawo la ntchito, kusintha malangizo kukhala malangizo enieni ogwirira ntchito ndikutumiza ku gawo la kuzindikira. Gawo la ntchito makamaka limamaliza kasamalidwe ka deta ndi kukonza deta, ndipo limaphatikiza deta iyi ndi mapulogalamu amakampani. Mu projekiti yomanga makina azachipatala anzeru, gawo la ntchito limasonkhanitsa, kusanthula ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachipatala kuti likwaniritse malingaliro ndi kulumikizana pakati pa ma node a IoT ndi zida zachipatala.

3. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito RFIDukadaulo m'malo ovuta

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi momwe ukadaulo wa RFID umagwirira ntchito m'malo ovuta zitha kusanthulidwa kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Chimake cha ukadaulo wa RFID chili mu njira yake yodziwira anthu osakhudzana nawo. ma tag a RFID a mafakitale Mukalowa mu gawo la RF la wowerenga, antenna imalandira chizindikiro cha RF chomwe chimachokera kwa wowerenga, imapanga mphamvu yoyambitsa, imayambitsa chip mu tag, motero imapangitsa kuti chidziwitso chiwerengedwe. Kuzindikira kosakhudzana kumeneku kumathandiza kuti RFID igwire ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta monga mdima, fumbi, ndi mafuta, ndipo sichikhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga kuwala, fumbi, mvula, ndi chipale chofewa.

Makina a RFID ali ndi mphamvu zolimba zoletsa kusokoneza. Chikhomo cha RFID cholimba chimatha kugwira ntchito bwino ngakhale chili ndi malo obisika kapena malo ovuta (monga fumbi, madontho a mafuta, ndi zina zotero). Kuphatikiza apo, Chiphaso cha RFID cholimba Zitha kugwira ntchito m'malo apadera monga kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi chambiri, komanso kusokonezeka kwa ma elekitiromagineti, ngakhale kuti magwiridwe antchito awo angakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zoopsa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulephera kuzindikira kapena kusakhazikika.

Ukadaulo wa RFID ulinso ndi mphamvu yotha kusanthula mwachangu ndi kuzindikira patali. Umatha kuzindikira ma tag angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta igwire bwino ntchito, komanso umatha kuzindikira m'malo omwe mzere wolunjika sungathe kufikako. Izi zimapangitsa kuti RFID izigwira ntchito bwino ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kuzindikira zida.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma tag a RFID olimbanthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zojambulazo zachitsulo, amakhala ndi moyo wautali, ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi maginito, osalowa madzi, satentha kwambiri, komanso sakhala ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito makina. Makhalidwe amenewa amathandiza Rfid yolimbaMa tag ogwirira ntchito mokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta.

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ngakhale ukadaulo wa RFID umagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta kwambiri, magwiridwe ake amatha kukhala ochepa pamikhalidwe ina yovuta kwambiri, monga kutentha kwambiri kapena chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, posankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa RFID, mikhalidwe yeniyeni yachilengedwe iyenera kuganiziridwabe.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya ukadaulo wa RFID m'malo ovuta makamaka ndikupeza chidziwitso chodziwikiratu komanso kusonkhanitsa deta kudzera mu kutumiza chizindikiro cha ma wailesi osakhudzana ndi kulumikizana.

4. Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Kuzindikira Ma Radiyo (RFID) Ukadaulo mu Gawo la Kuzindikira la Intaneti ya Zinthu

Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wozindikira ma radio frequency (RFID) mu gawo lozindikira la intaneti ya Zinthu kuli ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zazikulu. Izi ndi kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa zabwino ndi zofooka za ukadaulo wa RFID mu gawo lozindikira la IoT:

a. Ubwino

Ukadaulo wa RFID ndi ukadaulo wodzizindikiritsa wokha wopanda kukhudza womwe umatumiza ndikuzindikira chidziwitso kudzera mu ma signaling a wailesi popanda kukhudza thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizigwira ntchito bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Makina a RFID amatha kuwerenga mwachangu zambiri za ma tag ndipo amatha kuzindikira ma tag angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pazochitika pomwe zinthu zambiri zimafunika kukonzedwa mwachangu.

Ma tag a RFID okhwima a uhf imatha kusunga deta yambiri, kuphatikizapo zambiri za malonda, zambiri za malo, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimathandiza kutsatira ndi kuyang'anira zinthu.

Kupeza deta ya ma tag a RFID nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezedwa ndi mawu achinsinsi komanso kotetezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira chitetezo champhamvu.

Ma tag olimba a RFIDndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake komanso opepuka kulemera kwake, amatha kuyikidwa kapena kulumikizidwa ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Makina a RFID amatha kuwerenga zinthu patali, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pazochitika zomwe zimafunika kuphimba malo akuluakulu.

b. Zoyipa

Ngakhale mtengo wa RFIDChikalata Cholimba Pamene ikutsika pang'onopang'ono, mtengo wonse wa makina a RFID ukadali wokwera, kuphatikizapo ndalama zogulira zida za hardware ndi mapulogalamu, zomwe ndi ndalama zambiri kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.

Pa nthawi yozindikira zinthu, makina a RFID amatha kukhala ndi zolakwika zozindikiritsa zinthu, makamaka ngati ma tag ndi okhuthala kapena malo ozungulira ndi ovuta.

Ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu pakati pa ogulitsa ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi.

Ngakhale Ma tag a RFID ovutaNgati mawu achinsinsi atetezedwa, pamakhala chiopsezo choti zinthu zisweke, makamaka pazochitika za pulogalamu zomwe zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo.

Ngakhale kuti mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cha RFID yokha ndi yotsika, m'machitidwe ena, monga ma network a masensa omwe amafunika kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mphamvu yonse yogwiritsira ntchito makina a RFID iyenera kuganiziridwabe.

Ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi ubwino waukulu pakuwona kwa intaneti ya Zinthu, monga kuzindikira kosalumikizana, kuwerenga mwachangu, kusungira deta yayikulu, chitetezo chambiri, kukula kochepa, moyo wautali komanso mtunda wautali wowerengera. Komabe, mtengo wake wokwera wamakina, zolakwika zozindikira, mavuto okhazikika, zolakwika zachitetezo, ndi mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndizovuta zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndikuthetsedwa.

5. Kuwonjezera pa RFID, ndi ukadaulo wina wofunikira uti womwe ulipo mu gawo la kuzindikira la intaneti ya Zinthu?

Kupatula RFID, palinso ukadaulo wina wofunikira kwambiri pa intaneti ya zinthu. Ukadaulo uwu umaphatikizapo:

Ukadaulo wa masensa: Masensa ndi ukadaulo waukulu wa gawo lozindikira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zambiri zakuthupi, zamankhwala, zamoyo ndi zina, ndikusintha izi kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi ndikuzitumiza ku gawo la netiweki. Ukadaulo wa masensa umagwiritsa ntchito masensa ndi ma netiweki a masensa odzipangira okha kuti azindikire ndikusonkhanitsa pamodzi zambiri zokhudza zinthu zomwe zimadziwika m'dera lomwe netiweki imafikira.

Ukadaulo wozindikira ma barcode: Ma barcode amaphatikizapo ma code a mbali imodzi ndi ma code a mbali ziwiri. Ndi ukadaulo wodzizindikiritsa wokha womwe ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wothandiza komanso wothandiza wokhala ndi ubwino wa liwiro lolowera mwachangu, kudalirika kwambiri, kusonkhanitsa zambiri, komanso kusinthasintha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kulemba ma code a EPC: Khodi ya EPC (khodi yazinthu zamagetsi) ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yolemba ma code, yomwe imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za "chinthu chimodzi, khodi imodzi" mu intaneti ya Zinthu, ndipo imatha kuwerengedwa patali. Cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa chilankhulo chosinthira chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu dongosolo logwirizana komanso lokhazikika la kulemba ma code.

Ukadaulo wa GPS: Ukadaulo wa GPS umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ndikutsatira komwe kuli zinthu ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira la gawo lozindikira.

Ma network odzikonzera okha ndi ma network a masensa: Maukadaulo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse kudzikonza okha komanso mgwirizano pakati pa zida zowonera kuti ziwongolere bwino kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza uthenga.

Ukadaulo wolumikizirana opanda zingwe: monga Bluetooth, infrared, ZigBee, TPUNB, LoRa, ndi zina zotero, potumiza deta opanda zingwe.

Kamera: imagwiritsidwa ntchito potenga ndi kuyang'anira zithunzi, ndi imodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri pa gawo lozindikira.