Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-RFID ezindaweni ezinzima

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza imvamisa yomsakazo (RFID) bungobesendlalelo sokubona ku-inthanethi yezinto. Isendlalelo sokubona siyisendlalelo esiphansi kunazo zonke kusakhiwo se-inthanethi yezinto, esinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokuqoqwa kolwazi kanye nokubona. Siqoqa, siguqule futhi sidlulise ulwazi oluvela ezweni elibonakalayo luye epulatifomu ye-inthanethi yezinto ngezinzwa ezahlukene namadivayisi okubona. Njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokubona ulwazi, i-RFID ihlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto eziqondiwe futhi ithole idatha efanele ngamasignali emvamisa yomsakazo angenantambo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, futhi ingasebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID buyingxenye ebalulekile yesendlalelo sokubona se-inthanethi yezinto.

1. Ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kokuhlonza imvamisa yomsakazo (I-RFID) ubuchwepheshe ongqimbeni lokuqonda lwe-Inthanethi Yezinto

Amacala athile okusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlonza imvamisa yomsakazo (RFID) kungqimba yokuqonda ye-Intanethi Yezinto afaka amasimu amaningi, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi futhi abalulekile ku-Intanethi Yezinto.

Ukuphathwa Kwezokuthutha: Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziswe kabanzi ekuphathweni kwezokuthutha. Isibonelo, e-Airport Aviation Logistics Park, i-Sinotrans Air Transport Development Company isebenzisa imishini ye-RFID ukusabalalisa izimpahla ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha nokuphatha ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukulayisha kanye nokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngesikhathi sangempela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokucaca kwenqubo yezokuthutha.

Ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi ahlakaniphile: Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungasetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwamathuluzi ahlakaniphile, okungabona futhi kulandelele amathuluzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngohlelo lokuhlonza imvamisa yomsakazo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha kanye nokunemba.

Ikhabhinethi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha ezihlakaniphile: Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziswa kumakhabhinethi ezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha ezihlakaniphile, angakwazi ukubona nokulandelela izinto ezisetshenziswayo zezokwelapha ngamathegi ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla yezinto ezisetshenziswayo.

Izitolo ezihlakaniphile kanye namakhabhinethi okuthengisa angenamuntu: Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziswa nasezitolo ezihlakaniphile kanye namakhabhinethi okuthengisa angenamuntu, okungahlonza izimpahla ezithengwa amakhasimende ngokusebenzisa Amathegi okuthengisa e-RFID ukufeza ukukhokhela ukuzisiza kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla.

Uhlelo lokuqapha ukuphepha kwendawo yokupaka amabhasi: Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziswa futhi ohlelweni lokuqapha ukuphepha kwezindawo zokupaka amabhasi, oluhlanganisa uhlelo lokuphatha ukungena nokuphuma kwezimoto kanye nohlelo lokuqapha ividiyo oluhlakaniphile lwesiteshi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwendawo yokupaka.

I-Intanethi Yezinto Zezimboni kanye Nezinhlelo Zokuthutha Ezihlakaniphile: Ku-Intanethi Yezinto Zezimboni kanye Nezinhlelo Zokuthutha Ezihlakaniphile, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izingxabano zokufunda nokubhala kanye nezinkinga zokuqoqwa kwedatha, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufunda nokubhala kanye nokunemba. Isibonelo, iphrothokholi yokuqondisa "Ibhayisikili Le-inthanethi" esekelwe ku-Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idatha kunethiwekhi yezinzwa yesistimu yokwabelana ngamabhayisikili yomphakathi.

2. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesendlalelo sokubona nezinye izendlalelo ekwakhiweni kwe-IoT

Ekwakhiweni kwe-IoT, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesendlalelo sokubona nezinye izendlalelo (njengesendlalelo senethiwekhi kanye nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza) kungokulandelayo:

Isendlalelo sokubona siqoqa ulwazi oluvela ezweni langempela, njengokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, umsindo, indawo, ividiyo, njll., ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezahlukahlukene namadivayisi okuthola idatha. Ngemva kokuba ulwazi seluguqulwe lwaba yifomethi yedatha ejwayelekile, lucutshungulwa uhlelo olufakiwe bese ludluliselwa kuma-node esiteshi esiyisisekelo kanye namasango okufinyelela wesendlalelo sokufinyelela ngenethiwekhi yokuxhumana engenantambo, bese ekugcineni lufika esigungwini somsebenzisi. Isendlalelo senethiwekhi sitholakala phakathi kwesendlalelo sokubona kanye nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza, futhi sinesibopho sokudlulisa ulwazi lwedatha oluqoqwe yisendlalelo sokubona kusendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kuphathwe. Isendlalelo senethiwekhi sihlanganisa kakhulu izingxenye ezintathu: inethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela, kanye nenethiwekhi yokuthwala. Inethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo (njenge-TPUNB, i-LoRa, i-ZigBee, i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, njll.) ukuze kufezwe ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yokuqonda ububanzi; inethiwekhi yokufinyelela isebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-6LoWPAN kanye ne-M2M ukuze kufezwe ukufinyelela kwedatha yokuqonda kusuka kunethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa kuya kunethiwekhi yokuthwala; Inethiwekhi yabathwali isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-IPv6 kanye ne-M2M ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zamakheli amaningi futhi ikwazi ukuxhumana okuhlakaniphile phakathi kwemishini nemishini.

Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza luyingqimba ephezulu yokwakheka kwe-IoT futhi lunesibopho sokuguqula idatha ecutshunguliwe ibe izinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela. Isendlalelo sokubona sisebenzisana nesendlalelo seplatifomu ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi futhi sithumela idatha kusuka kungqimba lokubona iye kungqimba yeplatifomu ukuze icutshungulwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imojula idinga futhi ukucubungula imiyalelo kusuka kungqimba yesicelo, iguqule imiyalelo ibe yimiyalelo ethile yokusebenza bese iyithumela kungqimba lokubona. Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza siqeda kakhulu ukuphathwa kwedatha kanye nokucubungula idatha, futhi sihlanganisa le datha nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemboni. Kuphrojekthi yokwakha uhlelo lwezokwelapha oluhlakaniphile, isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza siqoqa, sihlaziye futhi sicubungule idatha evela ezimweni ezahlukene zesibhedlela ukuze kufezwe ukuqondana kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwama-node e-IoT nemishini yesibhedlela.

3. Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwe I-RFIDubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezinzima

Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-RFID ezindaweni ezinzima kungahlaziywa ngezici eziningi.

Ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe be-RFID isendleleni yayo yokuhlonza engeyona eyokuxhumana. Uma amathegi e-RFID yezimboni Uma ingena ensimini ye-RF yomfundi, i-antenna ithola isignali ye-RF ekhishwa ngumfundi, ikhiqize ugesi obangelwayo, isebenze i-chip ethegini, ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukufundwa kolwazi. Lokhu kuhlonza okungathintani kwenza uhlelo lwe-RFD lusebenze ngokujwayelekile ezindaweni ezinzima njengobumnyama, uthuli, namabala kawoyela, futhi aluthintwa yizinto zemvelo njengokukhanya, uthuli, imvula, neqhwa.

Izinhlelo ze-RFID zinamandla amakhulu okulwa nokuphazamiseka. Ithegi ye-RFID eqinile isengasebenza kahle ngisho nalapho kukhona indawo embozwe noma enokhahlo (njengothuli, amabala kawoyela, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ithegi eqinile ye-RFID ingasebenza ezindaweni ezikhethekile njengokushisa okuphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic, yize ukusebenza kwayo kungathinteka ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuqashelwa noma ukungazinzi.

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunekhono lokuskena ngokushesha nokubona amabanga amade. Bungabona amathegi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, buthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwedatha, futhi bungabona ezindaweni lapho umugqa oqondile wokubona ungafinyeleli khona. Lesi sici senza i-RFID isebenze kahle uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni zezimboni zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokuhlonza amathuluzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathegi e-RFID aqinilengokuvamile zenziwe nge-foil yensimbi, zihlala isikhathi eside, futhi zilwa nogesi, azingeni manzi, azishisi kakhulu, futhi azigugi kakhulu. Lezi zici zivumela I-Rfid Eqinileamathegi okusebenza ngokuzinzile isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yize ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busebenza kahle ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukusebenza kwabo kungase kukhawulelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezimbi kakhulu, njengokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu noma umswakama ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isimo sokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID, izimo ezithile zemvelo kusadingeka zicatshangelwe.

Umgomo wokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-RFID ezindaweni ezinzima ikakhulukazi ukufeza ukuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha ngokudluliswa kwesignali yemvamisa yomsakazo engathintani.

4. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokuhlonza imvamisa yomsakazo (I-RFID) Ubuchwepheshe Ohlelweni Lokuqonda lwe-Inthanethi Yezinto

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlonza imvamisa yomsakazo (RFID) kungqimba yokuqonda ye-Internet of Things kunezinzuzo ezinkulu kanye nokungalungi. Okulandelayo ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID kungqimba yokuqonda ye-IoT:

a. Izinzuzo

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID buwubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo obungenakuthintana obudlulisela futhi buhlonze ulwazi ngamasignali emvamisa yomsakazo ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba, okwenza lusebenze kahle ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Izinhlelo ze-RFID zingafunda ngokushesha ulwazi lwethegi futhi zingakwazi ukubona amathegi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuwusizo kakhulu ezimweni lapho inani elikhulu lezinto lidinga ukucutshungulwa ngokushesha.

Amathegi e-RFID e-uhf aqinile ingagcina inani elikhulu ledatha, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lomkhiqizo, ulwazi lwendawo, njll., okusiza ukulandelela nokuphatha izinto.

Ukufinyelela idatha kwamathegi e-RFID kuvame ukuvikelwa ngephasiwedi futhi kuphephile kakhulu, okwenza afaneleke ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphepha okuphezulu.

Amathegi aqinile e-RFIDzincane ngobukhulu futhi zilula ngesisindo, zingafakwa noma zinamathiselwe ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi ziphila isikhathi eside.

Izinhlelo ze-RFID zingafinyelela ekufundeni ibanga elide, okuwusizo kakhulu ezimweni zohlelo lokusebenza ezidinga ukumboza indawo enkulu.

b. Ukungalungi

Nakuba izindleko ze-RFIDIthegi Eqinile Njengoba incipha kancane kancane, izindleko zizonke zezinhlelo ze-RFID zisephezulu, okuhlanganisa nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yehadiwe kanye nezinhlelo zesofthiwe, okuyizindleko ezinkulu kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlonza ama-batch, izinhlelo ze-RFID zingase zibe namaphutha okuhlonza, ikakhulukazi lapho amathegi exinene noma indawo ezungezile iyinkimbinkimbi.

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunezinkinga zokulinganisa phakathi kwabathengisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene, okungaholela ezinkingeni zokuhambisana nezinkinga zokusebenzisana.

Nakuba Amathegi aqinile e-RFIDuma zivikelwe ngephasiwedi, kusenengozi yokuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zohlelo lokusebenza ezinezidingo zokuphepha eziphakeme kakhulu.

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwethegi ye-RFID ngokwayo kuphansi, kwezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, njengamanethiwekhi ezinzwa adinga ukusebenza isikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kohlelo lwe-RFID kusadingeka kucatshangelwe.

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile engqimbeni yokubona ye-Intanethi Yezinto, njengokuhlonza okungebona oxhumana nabo, ukufunda okusheshayo, isitoreji sedatha esikhulu, ukuphepha okuphezulu, usayizi omncane, impilo ende kanye nebanga lokufunda elide. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zayo eziphezulu zesistimu, amaphutha okuqashelwa, izinkinga zokulinganisa, amaphutha okuphepha, kanye nezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwamandla nazo ziyizinselele okudingeka zinakwe futhi zixazululwe.

5. Ngaphezu kwalokho I-RFID, yibuphi obunye ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obukhona ongqimbeni lokuqonda lwe-Inthanethi Yezinto?

Ngaphezu kwe-RFID, kunezinye izindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile ongqimbeni lokuqonda lwe-Intanethi Yezinto. Lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:

Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa: Izinzwa ziwubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bengqimba yokubona, esetshenziselwa ukubona ulwazi olungokoqobo, lwamakhemikhali, lwebhayoloji nolunye, futhi ziguqule lolu lwazi lube yizimpawu zikagesi bese ziludlulisela kungqimba yenethiwekhi. Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa busebenzisa izinzwa kanye namanethiwekhi ezinzwa azihlela ngokwawo amaningi ukuze kubonwe futhi kuqoqwe ulwazi ngokubambisana mayelana nezinto ezibonwayo endaweni yokumbozwa kwenethiwekhi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuqashelwa kwebhakhodi: Amabhakhodi afaka amakhodi anobukhulu obubodwa namakhodi anobukhulu obubili. Buwubuchwepheshe bokuqashelwa okuzenzakalelayo obungabizi futhi obusebenzayo obunezinzuzo zesivinini sokufaka esisheshayo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuqoqwa kolwazi okuningi, kanye nokuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle. Busetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene.

Ukubhala ikhodi ye-EPC: Ikhodi ye-EPC (ikhodi yomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi) inamandla amakhulu okubhala ikhodi, angahlangabezana nesidingo "sento eyodwa, ikhodi eyodwa" ku-Inthanethi Yezinto, futhi ingafundwa kude. Umgomo wayo ukusungula ulimi lokushintshana kolwazi lomhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhala ikhodi oluhlanganisiwe nolujwayelekile.

Ubuchwepheshe be-GPS: Ubuchwepheshe be-GPS busetshenziselwa ukuthola nokulandelela indawo yezinto futhi buyingxenye ebalulekile yesendlalelo sokubona.

Amanethiwekhi azihlelayo kanye namanethiwekhi ezinzwa: Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuzihlela kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamadivayisi engqimba yokuqonda ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa nokudluliselwa kolwazi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo: njenge-Bluetooth, i-infrared, i-ZigBee, i-TPUNB, i-LoRa, njll., bokudluliswa kwedatha engenantambo.

Ikhamera: esetshenziselwa ukuthola nokuqapha izithombe, ingenye yamathuluzi abalulekile engqimbeni yokubona.