Ihame ry'imikorere n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID mu bidukikije bikomeye

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya umurongo wa radiyo (RFID) ni iry’urwego rw’amakuru muri interineti y’ibintu. Uru rwego rw’amakuru ni rwo rwego rwo hasi cyane mu miterere ya interineti y’ibintu, rushinzwe cyane cyane gukusanya no gusobanukirwa amakuru. Rukusanya, ruhindura kandi rwohereza amakuru ava mu isi ifatika ruyashyira kuri interineti y’ibintu binyuze mu byuma bitandukanye byo kumenya amakuru n’ibikoresho byo kumenya amakuru. Nk’ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi ryo kumenya amakuru, RFID ihita imenya ibintu by’ingenzi kandi ikabona amakuru ajyanye nayo binyuze mu bimenyetso bya radiyo bidakoresheje umugozi nta muntu ubikoze, kandi ishobora gukora ahantu habi hatandukanye. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’urwego rw’amakuru rwa interineti y’ibintu.

1. Gukoresha byihariye uburyo bwo kumenya umurongo wa radiyo (RFID) ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo gusobanukirwa ibintu kuri interineti y'ibintu

Ikoreshwa ryihariye ry’ikoranabuhanga rya radiyo (RFID) mu buryo bwo kubona amakuru kuri interineti y’ibintu ririmo amashami menshi, kandi rikoreshwa cyane kandi ni ingenzi muri interineti y’ibintu.

Imicungire y'ibicuruzwa: Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ryakoreshejwe cyane mu micungire y'ibicuruzwa. Urugero, muri Pariki y'Ibicuruzwa by'Indege ku Kibuga cy'Indege, Ikigo Gishinzwe Iterambere ry'Ubwikorezi bw'Indege cya Sinotrans gikoresha ibikoresho bya RFID mu gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa vuba, binongera cyane imikorere myiza y'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa no gukurikirana no gucunga ubwikorezi, ububiko, gupakira no gupakurura ibicuruzwa mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo harebwe imikorere myiza n'umucyo y'ibicuruzwa.

Gucunga ibikoresho by'ubwenge: Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rishobora gukoreshwa mu gucunga ibikoresho by'ubwenge, rishobora kumenya no gukurikirana ibikoresho mu buryo bwikora binyuze muri sisitemu yo kumenya umurongo wa radiyo, bityo bikanoza imikorere myiza n'ubunyangamugayo mu gucunga.

Akabati k’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubwenge: Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa ku makabati y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubwenge, ashobora kumenya no gukurikirana ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi binyuze mu makarita kugira ngo habeho ikoreshwa ry’ibintu by’ubuvuzi n’imicungire y’ububiko bw’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.

Amaduka akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Smart Stores n'amakabati adafite abapilote: Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa kandi mu maduka akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Smart Stores n'amakabati adafite abapilote, rishobora kumenya ibicuruzwa byaguzwe n'abakiriya binyuze mu Ibirango bya RFID byo kugurisha kugira ngo umuntu yikorere isuku kandi acunge neza ububiko bw'ibikoresho.

Sisitemu yo kugenzura umutekano w’aho bisi ziparika: Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa kandi muri sisitemu yo kugenzura umutekano w’aho bisi ziparika, rihuza sisitemu yo gucunga aho imodoka zinjira n’aho zisohokera hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura amashusho ya sitasiyo kugira ngo hongerwe umutekano n’imikorere myiza y’aho bisi ziparika.

Interineti y'Ibintu mu Nganda n'Uburyo bwo Gutwara Ibintu mu Buhanga: Muri Interineti y'Ibintu mu Nganda n'Uburyo bwo Gutwara Ibintu mu Buhanga, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa mu gukemura amakimbirane yo gusoma no kwandika n'ibibazo byo gukusanya amakuru, no kunoza imikorere n'ubuhanga bwo gusoma no kwandika. Urugero, porotokoli ya "Internet Bicycle" ishingiye kuri Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) ikoreshwa mu gukusanya amakuru mu muyoboro w'amajwi wa sisitemu yo gusangira amagare rusange.

2.Imikoranire hagati y'urwego rw'imitekerereze n'izindi nzego mu miterere ya IoT

Mu miterere ya IoT, imikoranire hagati y'urwego rw'amakuru n'izindi nzego (nk'urwego rw'umuyoboro n'urwego rw'ibikorwa) ni iyi ikurikira:

Urusobe rw'amakuru rukusanya amakuru aturutse mu isi nyayo, nk'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, urumuri, amajwi, aho aherereye, videwo, nibindi, binyuze mu bikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima no gufata amakuru. Nyuma y'uko amakuru ahinduwe mu buryo busanzwe bw'amakuru, atunganywa na sisitemu ishyirwamo hanyuma yoherezwa ku nkuta z'ibanze n'inzira zo kwinjira mu rusobe rw'amakuru binyuze mu muyoboro w'itumanaho utagira umugozi, hanyuma akagera ku rubuga rw'umukoresha. Urusobe rw'amakuru ruri hagati y'urusobe rw'amakuru n'urusobe rw'amakuru, kandi rufite inshingano zo kohereza amakuru yakusanyijwe n'urusobe rw'amakuru ku rusobe rw'amakuru kugira ngo asesengurwe kandi acungwe. Urusobe rw'amakuru rurimo ibice bitatu: umuyoboro w'amakuru, umuyoboro w'amakuru, n'umuyoboro w'amakuru. Umuyoboro w'amakuru ukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho ritagira umugozi (nka TPUNB, LoRa, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, nibindi) kugira ngo hakorwe ikusanyirizo ry'amakuru ajyanye n'amakuru; umuyoboro w'amakuru ukoresha imiterere ya 6LoWPAN na M2M kugira ngo hakorwe ikusanyirizo ry'amakuru aturutse ku muyoboro w'amakuru ujya ku muyoboro w'amakuru; Umuyoboro w’itumanaho ukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya IPv6 na M2M kugira ngo uhuze n’ibikenewe by’aderesi nyinshi kandi uhuze neza n’imashini n’ibikoresho.

Urupapuro rw'ikoreshwa ni urwego rwo hejuru rw'imiterere ya IoT kandi rufite inshingano zo guhindura amakuru yatunganyijwe mu buryo nyabwo. Urupapuro rw'ikoreshwa ry'amakuru rukorana n'urwego rw'urubuga binyuze mu buryo bwo kohereza amakuru ava mu urwego rw'ikoreshwa ry'amakuru ajyanye n ...

3. Ihame ry'imikorere n'imikorere ya RFIDikoranabuhanga mu bidukikije bikomeye

Ihame ry'imikorere n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID mu bidukikije bikomeye bishobora gusesengurwa mu buryo butandukanye.

Ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID riri mu buryo bwaryo bwo kumenya abantu badahuye. Iyo ibirango bya RFID by'inganda Iyo yinjiye mu gice cya RF cy'umusomyi, antene yakira ikimenyetso cya RF gitangwa n'umusomyi, igatanga umuvuduko uturutse ku muvuduko, igakoresha chip iri muri tag, bityo igatuma amakuru asomwa. Iyi nyito idahuza ituma sisitemu ya RF ikora neza mu buryo busanzwe ahantu habi nko mu mwijima, ivumbi, n'ibisigazwa by'amavuta, kandi ntigira ingaruka ku bintu karemano nk'urumuri, ivumbi, imvura, n'urubura.

Sisitemu za RFID zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi. Tag ikomeye ya RFID iracyakora neza nubwo haba hari ahantu habi cyangwa hari ahantu habi (nk'umukungugu, ibizinga by'amavuta, nibindi). Byongeye kandi, Ikimenyetso gikomeye cya RFID bishobora gukora ahantu hihariye nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, no kubangamira ingufu za elegitoroniki cyane, nubwo imikorere yabyo ishobora kugira ingaruka muri ibi bihe bikomeye, bigatuma hatamenyekana neza cyangwa hatabaho guhindagurika.

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite kandi ubushobozi bwo gushakisha vuba no kumenya ibintu biri kure. Rishobora kumenya ibintu byinshi icyarimwe, rikongera cyane imikorere myiza yo gukusanya amakuru, kandi rishobora kumenya ahantu umurongo utaziguye udashobora kugera. Iyi mikorere ituma RFID ikora neza iyo ikoreshejwe mu nganda nko kumenya ibikoresho.

Byongeye kandi, ibirango bikomeye bya RFIDUbusanzwe zikozwe mu byuma, ziramba, kandi zirwanya rukuruzi, ntizishobora gutwarwa n'amazi, ntizishobora gushyuha cyane, kandi ntizishobora kwangirika cyane. Izi miterere zituma Rfid ikomeyetagi zo gukora neza igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikora neza mu duce twinshi duto, imikorere yaryo ishobora kugabanuka mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyane cyangwa ubushuhe bwinshi. Kubwibyo, mu gihe uhitamo uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, imiterere yihariye y’ibidukikije iracyagomba kwitabwaho.

Ihame ry’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga rya RFID mu turere dukomeye ni ukugera ku kumenya no gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bwikora binyuze mu kohereza ibimenyetso bya radiyo bidahuye.

4. Ibyiza n'ibibi byo kumenya umurongo wa radiyo (RFID) Ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwo kubona ibintu kuri interineti y'ibintu

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya umurongo wa radiyo (RFID) mu buryo bwo kubona amakuru kuri interineti y'ibintu bifite ibyiza n'ibibi bikomeye. Ibi bikurikira ni isuzuma rirambuye ry'ibyiza n'imbogamizi by'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID mu buryo bwo kubona amakuru bwa IoT:

a. Ibyiza

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru mu buryo bwikora ritanyuze mu gukoraho, ritanga amakuru rikanayamenya binyuze mu majwi ya radiyo nta gukoraho ku mubiri, ibyo bigatuma rikora neza mu duce dutandukanye.

Sisitemu za RFID zishobora gusoma vuba amakuru y’amatagi kandi zishobora kumenya amatagi menshi icyarimwe, ibi bikaba ingirakamaro cyane mu bihe aho ibintu byinshi bigomba gutunganywa vuba.

Ibirango bya RFID bya UHF bikomeye ishobora kubika amakuru menshi, harimo amakuru y'ibicuruzwa, amakuru y'aho biherereye, n'ibindi, ibyo bikaba byoroshya gukurikirana no gucunga ibintu.

Uburyo bwo kubona amakuru ya RFID tags busanzwe burinzwe ijambo ry'ibanga kandi bufite umutekano uhagije, bigatuma bukoreshwa mu buryo busaba umutekano uhanitse.

Ibirango bikomeye bya RFIDni ntoya mu bunini kandi zoroshye mu buremere, zishobora gushyirwamo cyangwa gushyirwa ku bintu bitandukanye, kandi zimara igihe kirekire.

Sisitemu za RFID zishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gusoma kure, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro cyane ku birebana n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikenewe gukwirakwira ahantu hanini.

b. Ingaruka mbi

Nubwo ikiguzi cya RFIDIkimenyetso gikomeye Uko bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, ikiguzi rusange cya sisitemu za RFID kiracyari hejuru, harimo n'ishoramari mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga na sisitemu za porogaramu, ibi bikaba ari ikiguzi kinini ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse.

Mu gihe cyo kumenya amakuru mu buryo bwa batch, sisitemu za RFID zishobora kugira amakosa yo kumenya amakuru, cyane cyane iyo tags ari nyinshi cyangwa ibidukikije bikaba bigoye.

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite ibibazo byo gupima ubuziranenge mu bacuruzi n'ibikoresho bitandukanye, bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhuza no guhuza ibikoresho.

Nubwo Ibirango bikomeye bya RFIDNiba hari ijambo ry'ibanga ririnzwe, haracyari ibyago byo kwangirika, cyane cyane mu bihe bya porogaramu zisaba umutekano mwinshi cyane.

Nubwo ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za RFID tag ubwazo riri hasi, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byo gukoresha, nko mu miyoboro ya sensor igomba gukora igihe kirekire, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu muri rusange rya sisitemu ya RFID riracyakeneye kwitabwaho.

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite ibyiza bikomeye mu buryo bwo kumva ibintu kuri interineti, nko kumenya amakuru atari ayo umuntu yabona, gusoma vuba, kubika amakuru menshi, umutekano mwinshi, ingano nto, kumara igihe kirekire no gusoma intera ndende. Ariko, ikiguzi cyayo kiri hejuru, amakosa yo kumenya amakuru, ibibazo by’uburinganire, inenge z’umutekano, n’ibibazo by’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi nabyo ni ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho no gukemurwa.

5. Uretse RFID, ni izihe ikoranabuhanga zindi z'ingenzi ziri mu buryo bwo gusobanukirwa ibintu kuri interineti?

Uretse RFID, hari n'izindi koranabuhanga nyinshi z'ingenzi mu buryo bwo gusobanukirwa interineti y'ibintu. Izi koranabuhanga zirimo ahanini:

Ikoranabuhanga rya sensor: Sensors ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ry'urwego rw'amakuru, rikoreshwa mu kumenya amakuru afatika, ashingiye ku binyabutabire, ashingiye ku binyabuzima n'andi makuru, kandi rigahindura ayo makuru mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi no kuyashyira ku rwego rw'umuyoboro. Ikoranabuhanga rya sensor rikoresha sensors n'imiyoboro ya sensor yigenga ifite ubushobozi bwinshi kugira ngo ifatanye mu kubona no gukusanya amakuru yerekeye ibintu bigaragara mu gace gafite umuyoboro.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya kode: Kode zirimo kode z’icyiciro kimwe na kode z’icyiciro bibiri. Ni ikoranabuhanga rihendutse kandi rikora mu buryo bwikora rifite ibyiza byo kwihuta mu kwinjira, kwizerwa cyane, gukusanya amakuru menshi, no koroshya no gukoresha neza amakuru. Rikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye.

Kode ya EPC: Kode ya EPC (kode y'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki) ifite ubushobozi bwinshi cyane bwo kode, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa na "ikintu kimwe, kode imwe" muri interineti y'ibintu, kandi ishobora gusomwa kure. Intego yayo ni ugushyiraho ururimi rw'isi yose rwo guhanahana amakuru binyuze muri sisitemu imwe kandi isanzwe yo kode.

Ikoranabuhanga rya GPS: Ikoranabuhanga rya GPS rikoreshwa mu kumenya no gukurikirana aho ibintu biri kandi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'urwego rw'amakuru.

Imiyoboro yigenga n'imiyoboro y'amajwi: Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kugera ku kwiyubaka no gukorana hagati y'ibikoresho by'urwego rw'amakuru kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza yo gukusanya no kohereza amakuru.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho ridafite umugozi: nka Bluetooth, infrared, ZigBee, TPUNB, LoRa, nibindi, kugira ngo amakuru ahererekanywa nta mugozi ahererekanywa.

Kamera: ikoreshwa mu gufata no gukurikirana amashusho, ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi by'urwego rwo kubona.