Gusobanukirwa Itandukaniro Hagati ya RFID na NFC

Mu ikoranabuhanga ryihuse muri iki gihe, RFID (Radiyo Frequency Identification) na NFC (Near Field Communication) byagaragaye nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu itumanaho ridafite insinga. Nubwo bihuriye ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bisa, bitandukanye cyane mu mikorere, urwego rw'itumanaho, n'uburyo bwo gukoresha. Iyi nkuru igamije gusobanura iri tandukaniro no gusuzuma uburyo butandukanye buri koranabuhanga rikoreshwamo.

RFID ni iki?

RFID ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imiraba ya radiyo mu kumenya no gukurikirana ibintu. Rigizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: Ibirango bya RFID, Abasomyi ba RFID, na sisitemu y'inyuma. Tag ya Rfids, ishobora kuba idakora (ikoreshwa n'ikimenyetso cy'umusomyi) cyangwa ikora (ifite bateri), iba irimo microchip na antene. Iyo RFID reader yohereje ikimenyetso cya radiyo, irakora tag, ikayiha ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru ku musomyi.

Imikoreshereze ya RFID:

Gucunga Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa: RFID ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ikurikirane ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa no gucunga neza uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ituma ubucuruzi bukurikirana urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe nyacyo, bigabanye igihombo kandi binoze imikorere myiza.

Gukurikirana imitungo: Ibigo bikoresha RFID kugira ngo bikurikirane imitungo y'agaciro, nk'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho. Iri koranabuhanga rifasha mu gukumira igihombo n'ubujura, rituma imitungo ibarwa igihe cyose.

Kugenzura Ubushobozi bwo kwinjira: RFID ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu z'umutekano mu kugenzura ubwinjiriro. Amakarita cyangwa ibirango bikoresha RFID bishobora gutanga cyangwa kubuza abantu kugera ahantu hatekanye, bikongera umutekano mu kazi no mu nyubako.

Ubucuruzi: Mu bucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikoreshwa mu gucunga ububiko no gukumira igihombo. Rituma abacuruzi bashobora gushakisha vuba ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kwishyura no kugenzura ingano y'imigabane mu gihe nyacyo.

NFC ni iki?

NFC ni itsinda ry’ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rituma habaho itumanaho ry’intera ngufi hagati y’ibikoresho. Ubusanzwe ikora muri santimetero 4 cyangwa munsi yayo, bigatuma iba nziza mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu mutekano. Ibikoresho bya NFC bishobora kuba bikora (nka telefoni zigendanwa) cyangwa bidakora (nka tagi za NFC). Iri koranabuhanga rituma habaho itumanaho ry’impande zombi, rigatuma ibikoresho bihanahana amakuru mu buryo buboneye.

Imikoreshereze ya NFC:

Kwishyura kuri telefoni zigendanwa: Imwe muri porogaramu zikunzwe cyane za NFC iri muri sisitemu yo kwishyura kuri telefoni zigendanwa. Abakoresha bashobora gukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu mutekano bakoresheje telefoni zigendanwa zabo kuri terminal yo kwishyura ikoresha NFC, bigatuma inzira yo kwishyura yihuta kandi yoroshye.

Gutanga amatike mu buryo bw'ubwenge: NFC ikomeje gukoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zo gutwara abantu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Abagenzi bashobora gukoresha amakarita cyangwa telefoni zigendanwa zabo zikoresha NFC kugira ngo babone gari ya moshi, bisi, n'ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu, bityo bigatuma ingendo ziba nziza.

Guhuza Ibikoresho: NFC yoroshya uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho, nka za ndangururamajwi za Bluetooth cyangwa ecouteur. Abakoresha bashobora guhuza ibikoresho babihuza, bigatuma badakenera gushyiraho ibintu bigoye.

Amakarita y'ubucuruzi ya digitale: Ikoranabuhanga rya NFC ryemerera abakoresha gusangira amakuru yo guhamagara byoroshye. Bakoresheje ikarita y'ubucuruzi ikoresha NFC kuri telefoni igendanwa, abakoresha bashobora guhita bohereza amakuru yabo, bigatuma itumanaho rirushaho gukora neza.

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi

1. Ingano

Ibikoresho byinshi bya RFID byo mu rwego rwa civil bifite intera iri hagati ya metero 3 na 5. Ku rundi ruhande, ntibisaba ko ikimenyetso kigaragara ku musomyi. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibikoresho bya NFC bifite intera ngufi cyane hagati ya santimetero 1 na 10 kandi bisaba ko ikimenyetso kigaragara neza ku musomyi.

2. Ubwoko bw'itumanaho

Igenzura ry’amajwi ya radiyo (RFID) ryoroshya itumanaho ry’inzira imwe gusa, aho umusomyi yakira amakuru avuye kuri tag ntayasubize. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho bya NFC bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’abasomyi n’ama tag binyuze mu guhindura inshingano zabyo, bigatuma itumanaho ry’inzira ebyiri rirushaho kuba ryiza no guhanahana amakuru.

3. Umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru

Itumanaho rya Near field (NFC) rikora ku muvuduko wo kohereza amakuru buhoro, utarenze 424 kbit/s. Ibikoresho bya RFID, ku rundi ruhande, muri rusange byihuta. Byongeye kandi, abasomyi ba RFID bafite ubushobozi bwo gusesengura tagi nyinshi icyarimwe, bitandukanye n'abasomyi ba NFC.

4. Ubwoko bw'amakuru

Ibirango bya RFID bigarukira gusa ku kubika amakuru yoroheje y’indangamuntu. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ibirango bya NFC bishobora kwakira ubwoko butandukanye bw’amakuru no kugira ubushobozi bunini bwo kubika amakuru, bigatuma biba byiza mu kwishyura.

Umwanzuro

Muri make, RFID na NFC ni ikoranabuhanga ribiri ritandukanye rigira akamaro gatandukanye mu isi ya none. RFID irakomeye mu gukoresha porogaramu zisaba kumenya no gukurikirana intera ndende, mu gihe NFC igaragara neza mu gihe isaba itumanaho ritekanye kandi rigufi. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, RFID na NFC byombi bizagira uruhare runini mu kongera imikorere no koroshya ibintu mu nganda zitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryabyo n'ikoreshwa ryabyo bishobora gufasha ibigo n'abaguzi gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n'ibyo bakeneye.